The physics governing where a shot starts and how it curves: the clubface largely sets the starting line, and the gap between face and swing path creates the curve. For decades instructors taught the opposite — that path started the ball and face bent it — until launch monitors proved the ball launches very close to wherever the face points at impact. Curvature then comes from face-to-path: a driver face just 2° closed to the path curves the ball roughly 19 yards. Every shot shape reduces to those two numbers, which is why the sim shows them on every swing — a tour draw is simply a face a touch right of target with the path a little further right.